Tanagers – Splendid Birds in Costa Rica (April 2026) 唐纳雀-哥斯达黎加的美丽鸟 (2026 年 4 月）

Tanagers (family Thraupidae) represent one of the most diverse and visually striking groups of passerines in Costa Rica, with more than 30 recorded species occupying habitats ranging from lowland rainforests and mangroves to cloud forests, forest edges, secondary growth, and gardens. Primarily frugivorous, most species also consume insects, nectar, and small invertebrates, making them important agents of seed dispersal and, in some cases, pollination. Representative species include the Blue-gray Tanager, Palm Tanager, Golden-hooded Tanager, Passerini’s Tanager, Scarlet-rumped Tanager, Speckled Tanager, Silver-throated Tanager, Bay-headed Tanager, Emerald Tanager, and Flame-colored Tanager. Their extraordinary diversity, brilliant plumage, and active foraging behavior make tanagers among the most iconic and rewarding birds for ornithologists, birdwatchers, and wildlife photographers in Costa Rica.

唐纳雀（唐纳雀科 Thraupidae）是哥斯达黎加种类最丰富、色彩最绚丽的雀形目鸟类之一，目前已记录30余种。它们广泛分布于低地热带雨林、红树林、云雾森林、森林边缘、次生林以及城市花园等多种生态环境。大多数唐纳雀以果实为主食，同时也取食昆虫、花蜜及其他小型无脊椎动物，因此在种子传播和部分植物的授粉过程中发挥着重要的生态作用。哥斯达黎加具有代表性的唐纳雀包括蓝灰唐纳雀（Blue-gray Tanager）、棕榈唐纳雀（Palm Tanager）、金头唐纳雀（Golden-hooded Tanager）、帕氏唐纳雀（Passerini’s Tanager）、红腰唐纳雀（Scarlet-rumped Tanager）、斑点唐纳雀（Speckled Tanager）、银喉唐纳雀（Silver-throated Tanager）、栗头唐纳雀（Bay-headed Tanager）、翡翠唐纳雀（Emerald Tanager）和焰色唐纳雀（Flame-colored Tanager）等。凭借鲜艳夺目的羽色、丰富的物种多样性和活跃的觅食行为，唐纳雀被誉为哥斯达黎加最具代表性的鸟类类群之一，也是鸟类学家、观鸟者和野生动物摄影师最钟爱的拍摄对象。

Dressed in sleek plumage, the Blue-gray Tanager (Thraupis episcopus) wears a soft, slate-gray body “suit” highlighted by vibrant cerulean shoulder patches, electric blue wing edgings, and dark dark-tipped flight feathers.

蓝灰唐纳雀（Thraupis episcopus）身披一袭光滑雅致的羽衣，整体呈柔和的石板灰色，宛如穿着一件剪裁考究的灰色礼服。鲜艳的天蓝色肩羽、明亮的蓝色翼缘以及末端呈深色的飞羽形成鲜明对比，使其外形既典雅又醒目，在阳光下更显清新而富有光泽。

The Crimson-collared Tanager (Ramphocelus sanguinolentus) features glossy black plumage, a brilliant crimson throat and collar, and feeds mainly on fruits and insects in forest edges and tropical woodlands.

猩红领唐纳雀（Ramphocelus sanguinolentus）拥有富有光泽的黑色羽毛，喉部和颈圈呈现鲜艳夺目的猩红色。它主要栖息于森林边缘和热带林地，以果实和昆虫为主要食物。

The Flame-colored Tanager (Piranga bidentata) is a brilliant orange-red songbird found in Costa Rica’s highland forests. Males display vivid flame-colored plumage, while females are yellowish-orange. It feeds on insects, fruits, and berries.

火领丽唐纳雀（Piranga bidentata）是一种色彩鲜艳的鸣禽，分布于哥斯达黎加的高海拔森林。雄鸟拥有火焰般鲜艳的橙红色羽毛，而雌鸟则呈现偏黄的橙色。它主要以昆虫、果实和浆果为食。

The Golden-hooded Tanager (Stilpnia larvata) is recognized by its bright golden-yellow head, black mask, turquoise-blue body, and active fruit- and insect-feeding behavior.

金冠唐纳雀（Stilpnia larvata）以其鲜艳的金黄色头部、醒目的黑色面罩以及蓝绿色身体而极具辨识度。它性情活跃，主要取食果实和昆虫。

The Gray-headed Tanager (Eucometis penicillata) is a subtle yet elegant tropical songbird. It has a gray head, olive-green body, and feeds mainly on fruits and insects in forest understories and edges.

灰头唐纳雀（Eucometis penicillata）是一种外表低调却优雅的热带鸣禽。它拥有灰色头部和橄榄绿色身体，主要栖息于森林下层植被和林缘地带，以果实和昆虫为主要食物。

The female Scarlet-rumped Tanager (Ramphocelus passerinii) is a subtly colored Central American songbird. She has brownish-olive plumage, a distinctive reddish rump, and feeds mainly on fruits, seeds, and insects.

雌性红腰唐纳雀（Ramphocelus passerinii）是一种色彩较为柔和的中美洲鸣禽。雌鸟拥有棕橄榄色羽毛，最显著的特征是醒目的红色腰部羽斑。它主要以果实、种子和昆虫为食，常活动于森林边缘、灌木丛和开阔林地中。

The male Scarlet-rumped Tanager (Ramphocelus passerinii) is recognized byits glossy black plumage, bright scarlet rump, and contrasting dark wings,

雄性红腰唐纳雀（Ramphocelus passerinii）以其富有光泽的黑色羽毛、鲜艳的猩红色腰部羽斑以及与之形成鲜明对比的深色翅膀而闻名，具有极高的辨识度。

The Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra) is a bright migratory songbird found in Costa Rica during winter. Males have vivid red plumage, while females are yellowish-green. It feeds mainly on insects, fruits, and berries in forests and woodland habitats.

夏唐纳雀（Piranga rubra）是一种鲜艳的迁徙鸣禽，冬季会出现在哥斯达黎加。雄鸟拥有鲜红色羽毛，而雌鸟则呈黄绿色。它主要栖息于森林和林地环境中，以昆虫、果实和浆果为食。